The philosophy of Saju (Four Pillars) is deeply rooted in ancient cosmology, integrating the concepts of Yin and Yang, Five Elements (Wu Xing), and the cyclical nature of time and space. From the legendary ruler Bokhui to Confucius and beyond, this system reflects a worldview that blends physical phenomena, metaphysical symbolism, and even early notions of what resembles modern quantum theory.
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1.Origins of Saju and the Book of Changes
Saju's cosmological roots trace back to Bokhui (Fu Xi), the first legendary ruler of ancient China, who is said to have created the Eight Trigrams (Palgwae). These symbols form the foundation of The Book of Changes (I Ching), later organized by King Wen of the Zhou Dynasty and formalized by Confucius as a core Confucian text.The principles established by Bokhui laid the groundwork for viewing reality as a dynamic system of interwoven energies—reflected in the arrangement of space and time.
2. The Five Elements and the Law of Yin-Yang
The Five Elements (Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, and Water) and Yin-Yang theory are the dual engines of Saju. They govern not only physical matter but also emotional temperament, spiritual resonance, and even social cycles.These principles were systematically arranged by Seo Gong-seung, the reputed author of Yeonhaejapyeong, believed to be the oldest book on Saju, initiated in the 3rd century BCE and developed over 1,300 years.This framework mirrors modern science in surprising ways—especially quantum field theory and energy interactions, which also rely on unseen but interconnected systems.
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3. Yin and Yang as Cosmic Forces
All existence arises from the interaction of Heaven and Earth, and every birth carries a unique energetic blueprint, consisting of body and temperament. From nothingness (zero), existence splits into Yin and Yang: Yang is light and clear, forming the sky, day, and stars (Solar essence). Yin is heavy and turbid, forming the earth, night, and moons (Lunar essence). In this logic: Sun represents work and clarity Moon is Tae-eum (Greater Yin) Stars are divided into So-yang (Lesser Yang) and So-eum (Lesser Yin), grounding the material world
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4. Material Transformation of the Five Elements
Each element arises from a transformation: Wood (Mok) grows in warmth Fire (Hwa) is born from wood’s ignition Earth (To) balances all, acting as the medium Metal (Geum) condenses from cooled fire Water (Su) forms from metal, representing origin and flow Water begins the cycle of life and evolution. In Saju, 12 a.m. is considered the start of the day, aligning with water as the initiating force of change.
5. The Numerical Foundation of the Cosmos
The five-element cycle progresses numerically from 1 to 10: 1–5: Bottled water (living and storing) 6–10: Growing water (evolution and expansion) 10: Completion and return to origin The number 3 represents the synthesis of Heaven (1, Yang), Earth (2, Yin), and Humanity (3)—the triad of cosmic existence. This mirrors natural cycles: limbs have 8 joints, the body has 365 meridians, corresponding to the 365 days of a solar year.
6. Microcosm of the Human Body
Saju also treats the human body as a miniature cosmos: Eyes are the Sun and Moon Blood is the river of water Nerves are channels of communication Hair reflects wood energy Mouth is a lake Nose is a mountain The five organs mirror the five oceans and six continents Each part is aligned with elemental traits, revealing how the body, nature, and universe reflect one another.
7.Neutral Temperament and Flow of Time
In Saju, the ideal elemental constitution is one of neutral balance—not too cold or hot, not too dry or moist. A person’s Four Pillars (Saju) are determined at birth and define their innate energetic backbone, but this structure is not fixed. It interacts with the flow of time, seasonal changes, and environmental cycles. Daewoon (Great Fortune) reflects macro space-time shifts Sewoon (Annual Fortune) changes more frequently and can have an even larger immediate impact
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